Genital and oral warts co-presentation in a patient attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic in a tertiary facility in Rivers State, Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus is an ubiquitous virus causing various types of warts, including genital and extra-genital lesions.
Aim: To report a case of co-presentation of genital and extra-genital wart (oral wart) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).
Case Report: Case notes of a patient who presented to the Reproductive Health/Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic, UPTH, between July and September, 2024 with genital and oral warts were reviewed. Clinical features, findings on physical examination, results of investigations, treatment modalities, and outcomes were documented. The case was a 24-year-old man who had several growths in the penis and buccal cavity. In the course of the examination, he had several genital warts of varying consistencies. He received counseling, drug treatment, and podophyllin painting.
Conclusion: Genital and extra-genital warts pose significant physical and psychological burdens. This case report highlights the importance of understanding the diverse presentation of warts and provides good guidance for healthcare workers in the management of warts. Irrespective of the site and type of wart, a good history, exhaustive physical examination, accurate diagnosis, and tailored treatment are crucial for effective management.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal grants the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal non-commercial use under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
References
Bruni L, Diaz M, Casteilsague X, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, Sanjose S. Meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 Continents. J Infect Dis 2010;202(12):1789-1799.
Salih MM, Safi ME, Hart K, Tobi K, Adam I. Genotypes of human papilloma virus in Sudanese women with cervical pathology. Infect Agent Cancer 2010;5:26.
Okunade KS, Nwogu CM, Oluwole AA, Anorlu RI. Prevalence and risk factors for genital high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women attending the outpatient clinics of a university teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2017;28(1):227.
Balestrieri M, Carnovale-Scalzo C, Garbuglia AR, Chiantore MV, Accardi L, Di Bonito P . Conventional therapy for genital herpes virus and remission of HPV-related lesions: a case series. Infect Agent Cancer 2023;18(1):36.
Garolla A, Graziani A, Grande G, Ortolani C, Ferlin A. HPV-related diseases in male patients: an underestimated conundrum. J Endocrinol Invest 2024;47(2):261–274.
Foresta C, Noventa M, De Toni L, Gizzo S, Garolla A. HPV-DNA sperm infection and infertility: from a systematic literature review to a possible clinical management proposal. Andrology 2015; 3(2):163–173.
Bosch FX, Broker TR, Forman D, Moscicki AB, Gillison ML, Doorbar J, et.al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013;31(Suppl 6):G1-31.
Szymonowicz KA, Chen J, Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers. Cancer Biol Med 2020;17(4):864–878.
Hirth J. Disparities in HPV vaccination rates and HPV prevalence in the United States: a review of the literature. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15(1):146–155.
Dunne EF, Park IU. HPV and HPV-associated diseases. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013;27(4):765–778.
Petca A, Borislavschi A, Zvanca ME, Petca R, Sandru F, Dumitrascu M. Non-sexual HPV transmission and role of vaccination for a better future (review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20(6):186.
Lenzi A, Mirone V, Gentile V, Bartoletti R, Ficarra V, Foresta C et.al. Rome consensus conference - statement; human papillomavirus diseases in males. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:117.
Che Q, Li J, Jiang L. Huang X, Zhang M, Lui H, et.al. ALA-PDT combined with cystoscopy: a method to eliminate refractory HPV infection in a patient with condyloma acuminata. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101763.
Ogbolu MO, Eniade OD, Majiya H, Kozlovszky M. Factors associated with HPV genital warts: a self-reported cross-sectional study among students and staff of a Northern University in Nigeria. Viruses 2024;16(6): 902.
Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Kumar S. Genital warts.: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024.
Chauhan PS, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Rawat R, Sharma V. The efficacy and safety of intralesional immunotherapy with Measles, Mumps, Rubella Virus Vaccine for the treatment of common warts in adults. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019;10(1):19-26.