A study of the effect of frequency of tooth brushing on the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The use toothbrush and paste are the most common means of oral prophylaxis in Nigeria and how the frequency of this prophylaxis affects the prevalence of periodontal disease has not been fully ascertained.
Aim: This study aims to assess if frequency of self-oral hygiene prophylaxis in a day, using the toothbrush and paste, had any relationship on the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases, using the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN).
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 894 subjects (428 males and 466 females), who reported for the first time at the Dental Centre, of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, were examined. Only those that used toothbrush and paste once or twice daily, as the only oral hygiene method and were 18 years and above of age, were selected and investigated.
Results: 58.3% of the entire subjects surveyed and 63.1% of male subjects indicated twice-daily oral prophylaxis when compared to 53.9% of female subjects. There was a statistical significant difference in the distribution of subjects with respect to occupation, between the two groups. This difference was most marked among the professional subgroup as compared to other subgroups. There was a statistical significant difference in the prevalence of periodontal diseases as indicated by CPITN scores. The group that performed oral prophylaxis twice daily had a higher proportion of those with CPITN codes 0 and 1 whereas codes 3 and 4 were more predominant with the group that perform oral prophylaxis once daily.
Conclusion: The distribution of CPITN scores had a relationship with the frequency of daily oral hygiene practices. In view of the results of this study, it is suggested that some form of preventive oral hygiene programs be embarked on where emphasis is placed on regular and higher frequency of tooth brushing.
Downloads
Article Details
The journal grants the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal non-commercial use under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
References
1.al‑Banyan RA, Echeverri EA, Narendran S, Keene HJ. Oral health survey of 5‑12‑year‑old children of National Guard employees in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Paediatr Dent 2000;10:39‑45.
2.Sayegh A, Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R. Oral health, sociodemographic factors, dietary and oral hygiene practices in Jordanian children. J Dent 2005;33:379‑88.
3.Taani DS, al‑Wahadni AM, al‑Omari M. The effect of frequency of toothbrushing on oral health of 14‑16 year olds. J Ir Dent Assoc 2003;49:15‑20.
4.Machuca G, Khoshfeiz O, Lacalle JR, Machuca C, Bullón P. The influence of general health and socio‑cultural variables on the periodontal condition of pregnant women. J Periodontol 1999;70:779‑85.
5.Odusanya SA. Tooth loss among Nigerians: Causes and pattern of mortality. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987;16:184‑9.
6.Madden IM, Newman H, Hall C, Brading MG, Ketkar V, Bidinger PD. Sustained oral health improvement and use of toothbrushes and dentifrice by previous users of traditional materials in a rural population in Andhra Pradesh, India. Int Dent J 2004;54(5 Suppl 1):315‑20.
7.Sgan‑Cohen HD, Vered Y. Plaque removal and oral health promotion potential for the elmex interX medium toothbrush: Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation. J Clin Dent 2003;14:70‑3.
8.Sharma NC, Qaqish JG, Galustians HJ, King DW, Low MA, Jacobs DM, et al. A 3‑month comparative investigation of the safety and efficacy of a new toothbrush: Results from two independent clinical studies. Am J Dent 2000;13:27A‑32A.
9.Carvalho JC, Van Nieuwenhuysen JP, D’Hoore W. Oral hygiene and gingival condition among 12‑year‑old children in the Brussels Region. Rev Belge Med Dent 2001;56:281‑90.
10.Addo‑Yobo C, Williams SA, Curzon ME. Oral hygiene practices, oral cleanliness and periodontal treatment needs in 12‑year old urban and rural school children in Ghana. Community Dent Health 1991;8:155‑62.
11.Sofola OO, Shaba OP, Jeboda SO. Oral hygiene and periodontal treatment needs of urban school children compared with that of rural school children in Lagos State. Nigeria. Odontostomatol Trop 2003;26:25‑9.
12.Yalcin F, Eskinazi E, Soydinc M, Basegmez C, Issever H, Isik G, et al. The effect of sociocultural status on periodontal conditions in pregnancy. J Periodontol 2002;73:178‑82.
13.Al‑Otaibi M, Angmar‑Månsson B. Oral hygiene habits and oral health awareness among urban Saudi Arabians. Oral Health Prev Dent 2004;2:389‑96.
14.Villalobos‑Rodelo JJ, Medina‑Solís CE, Maupomé G, Vallejos‑Sánchez AA, Lau‑Rojo L, de León‑Viedas MV. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables associated with oral hygiene status in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. J Periodontol 2007;78:816‑22.
15.Taani DQ. Relationship of socioeconomic background to oral hygiene, gingival status, and dental caries in children. Quintessence Int 2002;33:195‑8.
16.Udoye CI. Oral health attitudes and behaviour among patients in a tertiary hospital. Odontostomatol Trop 2006;29:19‑22.
17.Al‑Shammari KF, Al‑Ansari JM, Al‑Khabbaz AK, Dashti A, Honkala EJ. Self‑reported oral hygiene habits and oral health problems of Kuwaiti adults. Med Princ Pract 2007;16:15‑21.
18.Bengondo C, Ngoa S, Bengono G. The need for awareness oriented towards dental care in Yaounde. Odontostomatol Trop 2001;24:38‑40.
19.Darout IA, Astrøm AN, Skaug N. Knowledge and behaviour related to oral health among secondary school students in Khartoum Province, Sudan. Int Dent J 2005;55:224‑30.
20.Bou C, Miquel JL, Poisson P. Oral health status of 1500 university students in Toulouse France. Odontostomatol Trop 2006;29:29‑33.
21.Masalu J, Mtaya M, Astrom AN. Risk awareness, exposure to oral health information, oral health related beliefs and behaviours among students attending higher learning institutions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med J 2002;79:328‑33.
22.Nobile CG, Fortunato L, Pavia M, Angelillo IF. Oral health status of male prisoners in Italy. Int Dent J 2007;57:27‑35.
23.Christensen LB, Petersen PE, Krustrup U, Kjøller M. Self‑reported oral hygiene practices among adults in Denmark. Community Dent Health 2003;20:229‑35.
24.Cutress TW, Ainamo J, Sardo‑Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. Int Dent J 1987;37:222‑33.
25.Almas K, Albaker A, Felembam N. Knowledge of dental health and diseases among dental patients, a multicentre study in Saudi Arabia. Indian J Dent Res 2000;11:145‑55.